The introduction of CAD and eventually highly detailed modelling in architecture and construction has favoured the virtual planning of buildings ensuring the proper alignment and disentanglement of their systems. This digital-twin approach outlines a file-to-factory workflow that is driving a configure-to-order business model in offsite construction. A common interoperable CAD-to-CAM methodology decentralizes production offering multiple manufacturers in different contexts the opportunity to make and deliver project components where they are needed according to pertinent locus-based supply chains.
In lieu of the heavy upfront capital investment that comes with managing a traditional vertically integrated factory with its design to manufacturing supply chain, a company can instead present a design system or platform (hardware and software) conceived for configuring projects in line withmanufacturing affiliates. Project FROG founded in California (2006) articulates this business model by harnessing the power of multiple suppliers and factories to deliver FROG-designed parts and processes specifically for classrooms. Once architects have designed the component-basedbuildings, FROG partners receive orders and through a synchronized design-to-manufacturing organization, supply FROG recognizable projects in any serviced setting. Founded on digital cloud-based tools and their process integration, this contract manufacturer model multiplies capacity as IP and purchasing parameters can be shared among a network of factories.
The now defunct Canadian company BONE Structure, one of the most advanced, digitally integrated home builders in North America while it operated, used a similar M.O. Projects were designed and documents prepared for manufacturing and then transferred to partners who fabricated site specific kits-of-parts. The cold-formed steel structure and other building parts were supplied by licensed fabricators. The system's uniqueness was not linked to a central factory but rather to a digital platform methodology identifying BONE homes from a central architectural direction and production framework. While this model reduces costs associated with a vertically integrated factory, it requires maintaining and cultivating partnerships with a stable pipeline of projects to maintain supplier loyalty and a best price management model.
ps. Bone structure closed in December 2023, after the tragic death of its owner Marc Andre Bovet who was not only a great innovator but also a great friend.
Contract manufacturing decentralized production
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