A state-of-the-art study on offsite construction, including prefabrication, industrialized building systems or modularity reveals a notable uptake in interest and in use throughout the last decades. Promoted as a productive way forward in construction, novel factory or manufacturing methods are being driven by information technology and reforming a fragmented building industry into a data centric cooperative community of stakeholders. BIM (building information modelling) is at the core of this transition. Data sets are incorporated into a virtual model earlier in the design process potentially streamlining design with manufacturing.
Digital design, modelling, fabrication, and monitoring geared to the making of buildings has been referred to as construction 4.0. This fourth industrial revolution is disrupting conventional construction and promises to create more efficient buildings. As Ford and Toyota radically altered the way things were made, DfMA principles along with new manufacturing technologies will become mainstream within the construction industry; robotics, additive manufacturing, generative design, and artificial intelligence are developing a space for new materials, systems and processes to replace conventional means.
Even with all the potential for newness, modular volumetric and panelized construction remain go-to systems. Both have existed within the offsite space for decades and panelized has transformed light wood framing due to the rarity of traditional trades. Modular volumetric is promoted as the most modern of these methods, due to its speed of erection. Stacking factory made boxes certainly epitomizes Offsite construction as in principle only infrastructure and mechanical connections are completed on site. Currently, tall modular is providing a window into how industrialized construction can be deployed to increase productivity. Built from 2018 - 2020 in London by owner, developer, builder, Tide construction, 100 George Street is a notable example of combining the potential speed, precision, and quality of volumetric modular. Two 38 and 40 story towers are made up of 1500 boxes produced by manufacturer Vision Modular Structures. The use of digital modelling tools to organize and harmonize different stakeholders reflects current practices. The owner, developer, builder collaborative model exposes an integrated design-build approach that makes it possible to involve manufacturers in the planning phase. Including offsite criteria in planning is essential to fulfilling the touted advantages of offsite construction.
100 George Street by Tide Construction
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