Structural
strategies share the same basic objective: to span, cover, support, protect or
shape architectural space. The principle of spanning the largest area with
minimal material use while establishing an elegant shape is the basis of the
historically generative relationship between architects, structural engineers
and industrialization. Twentieth century world fair exhibit architecture typified
this relationship. Trusses and space frames demonstrate efficiency along with
open industrialized construction as the repetitive assembly of manufactured
components relate to buildings of any shape, size and scope.
Reducing weight is
important in any structure but is particularly important in large spanning
structures that are free of any vertical obstructions. Triangulated structures
or trusses are systems that systematize geometric patterns of consistent components
to transfer loads and stresses. Mimicking simple beam behaviour, trusses use
triangulation for stability and to position material toward maximum efforts in
either compression or tension, all the while eliminating material from low-stressed
areas. An interrelated network of stable triangles is the simplest form of a
two dimensional truss. Extrude this network axially and the resulting space
frame can cover large spaces with a limited amount of material. The space frame
applies truss principles in a third axis utilizing triangulation in three directions:
length, height and width. The space frame is normally composed of an interdependent
matrix of regular repetitive linear components in a thick plate-like
structure.
Triangulated grid
lattices can be made to follow any surface, from arches, to domes to textile
like organic shapes. Konrad Wachsmann's universal construction kit, or
Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome structures most emblematically portray the space
frame’s potential. Tensegrity takes similar principles one-step further for maximum
structure with minimal weight. Based on this principle, one of Buckminster
Fuller’s students / disciples, engineer, Jeffrey Lindsay patented his
structural framework in 1960. An enhancement of the triangulated space frame this
structural framework explored a type of structural efficiency using tension cables
and compression tubes in a synergetic relationship. The compression elements,
tubes or other profiles, keep cables in tension while cable elements stitch
compression elements together. The resulting lightweight lattice structure can
be employed as a universal, open, flexible, adaptable building system.
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| Jeffrey Lindsay's structural framework - tensegrity dome and patent drawings |
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